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中央空调常见的问题分析
1、吸气温度过高——主要是由于吸气过热度增大造成，注意吸气温度高不代表吸气压力高，因为吸气是过热蒸汽。
正常情况下压缩机缸盖应是半边凉、半边热。若吸气温度过高则缸盖全部发热。如果吸气温度高于正常值，排气温度也会相应升高。
吸气温度过高的原因主要有:
(1)系统中制冷剂充注量不足，即使膨胀阀开到X大，供液量也不会有什么变化，这样制冷剂蒸汽在蒸发器中过热使吸气温度升高。
(2)膨胀阀开启度过小，造成系统制冷剂的循环量不足，进人蒸发器的制冷剂量少，过热度大，从而吸气温度高。
(3)膨胀阀口滤网堵塞，蒸发器内的供液量不足，制冷剂液体量减少，蒸发器内有一部分被过热蒸汽所占据，因此吸气温度升高。
(4)其他原因引起吸气温度过高，如回气管道隔热不好或管道过长，都可引起吸气温度过高。
2、吸气温度过低——主要是蒸发器供液量偏大导致吸气过热度低造成的。
（1)制冷剂充注量太多，占据了冷凝器内部分容积而使冷凝压力增高，进入蒸发器的液体随之增多。蒸发器中液体不能完全气化，使压缩机吸人的气体中带有液体微滴。这样，回气管道的温度下降，但蒸发温度因压力未下降而未变化，过热度减小。即使关小膨胀阀也无显著改善。
(2)膨胀阀开启度过大。由于感温元件绑扎过松、与回气管接触面积小，或者感温元件未用绝热材料包扎及其包扎位置错误等，致使感温元件所测温度不准确，接近环境温度，使膨胀阀动作的开启度增大，导致供液量过多。
PS：压机结霜——原因一：如上；原因二：制冷剂充注量不足，会从蒸发器一直结到压缩机上(注：需核实)；原因三：由于外部原因制冷剂在蒸发器蒸发不足甚至不蒸发，此时会严重结霜，甚至造成湿压缩。（如中央空调回风不足或者空调箱过滤网严重堵塞，冷水机组主机压机回气管会结霜，排气温度也很低）
3、排气温度不正常——影响因素：绝热指数、压缩比、吸气温度
压缩机排气温度可以从排气管路上的温度计读出。它与制冷剂的绝热指数、压缩比(冷凝压力/蒸发压力)及吸气温度有关。吸气温度越高，压缩比越大，排气温度就越高，反之亦然。
吸气压力不变，排气压力升高时，排气温度上升;如果排气压力不变，吸气压力下降时，排气温度也要升高。这两种情况都是因为压缩比增大引起的。冷凝温度和排气温度过高对压缩机的运行都是不利的，应该防止。排气温度过高会使润滑油变稀甚至炭化结焦，从而使压缩机润滑条件恶化。
排气温度的高低与压缩比(冷凝压力/蒸发压力)以及吸气温度成正比。如果吸气的过热温度高、压缩比大，则排气温度也就高。如果吸气压力和温度不变，当排气压力升高时，排气温度也升高。
造成排气温度升高的主要原因有:
(i)吸气温度较高，制冷剂蒸汽经压缩后排气温度也就较高。
(Z)冷凝温度升高，冷凝压力也就高，造成排气温度升高。
(3)排气阀片被击碎，高压蒸汽反复被压缩而温度上升，气缸与气缸盖烫手，排气管上的温度计指示值也升高。
影响排气温度升高的实际因素有:中间冷却效率低，或者中冷器内水垢过多影响换热，则后面X的吸气温度必然偏高，排气温度也会升高。气阀漏气，活塞环漏气，不仅影响到排气温度升高，而且也会使X间压力变化，只要压缩比高于正常值就会使排气温度升高。此外，水冷式机器，缺水或水量不足均会使排气温度升高。冷凝压力不正常以及排气压力降低。
4.排气压力较高——主要是冷凝压力偏高造成，而不是压机自身原因。
排气压力一般是与冷凝温度的高低相对应的。正常情况下，压缩机的排气压力与冷凝压力很接近。
冷凝压力升高时，压缩机排气温度也升高。压缩机的压缩比增大，输气系数减小，从而使压缩机的制冷量降低。耗电量增加。如果排气温度过高，则增加了压缩机润滑油的消耗，使油变稀，影响润滑;当排气温度与压缩机油闪点接近时，还会使部分润滑油炭化并积聚在吸、排气阀口，影响阀门的密封性。
降低冷却介质的温度可使得冷凝温度下降，冷凝压力也随之下降，但这要受到环境条件的限制，难以人为选择。增加冷却介质流量可降低一点冷凝温度(多采用这种方法)。但不能片面地提高冷却水或空气的流量，因为这将增大冷却水泵或风扇及电机的功率，应全面综合考虑。
排气压力偏高会使压缩功加大，输气系数降低，从而使制冷效率下降。
产生这种故障的主要原因:
(1)冷却水(或空气)流量小，温度高;
(?)系统内有空气，使冷凝压力升高;
(3)制冷剂充注量过多，液体占据了X冷凝面积;
(4)冷凝器年久失修，传热面污垢严重，也能导致冷凝压力升高。水垢的存在对冷凝压力影响也较大。
5、排气压力过低——主要是制冷系统管路制冷剂流量偏小甚至停止造成。
排气压力过低，虽然其现象是表现在高压端，但原因多产生于低压端。其原因:
(I)膨胀阀冰堵或脏堵，以及过滤器堵塞等，必然使吸、排气压力都下降;
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Common problems of central air conditioning
1, the suction temperature is too high - mainly caused by the suction superheat increases, pay attention to suction temperature is high does not mean inspiratory pressure is high, because the suction is superheated steam.
Under normal circumstances the compressor cylinder head should be half cool, half of the heat. If suction temperature is too high then head all the heat. If the suction temperature is higher than normal, will be a corresponding increase in exhaust temperature.
Suction temperature of the main reasons are:
(1) System refrigerant charge is insufficient, even if the expansion valve to the maximum for the amount of fluid would not be any changes, so that the refrigerant in the evaporator superheat the steam to suction temperature.
(2) expansion valve through a small opening, causing the cycle of the system low on refrigerant, into less refrigerant evaporator, superheat degree to inhale and high temperature.
(3) Expansion valve port filter plug, the evaporator is insufficient for the fluid, the liquid refrigerant reduced, there was part of the evaporator to be occupied by superheated steam, so suction temperature.
(4) suction temperature is too high for other reasons, such as the gas pipeline or pipe insulation is not good for too long, can cause suction temperature too high.
2, the suction temperature is too low - mainly the larger evaporator liquid supply caused due to low suction superheat.
(1) the amount of refrigerant charge, too, accounting for partial volume leaving condenser condensing pressure increased, the liquid entering the evaporator will be increased. Liquid in the evaporator can not be completely vaporized, and the compressor with the gas inhalation liquid droplets. Thus, the temperature of the gas pipeline to decline, but the pressure does not drop because of evaporation temperature without changing the superheat decreases. Even a small expansion valve off and no significant improvement.
(2) expansion valve through the large opening. The temperature sensing element lashing too loose, and back to the small contact area of the trachea, or the temperature sensing element is not packed and wrapped with insulation material in the wrong place, which make the temperature measured by temperature sensing element is not accurate, close to the ambient temperature, the expansion valve action opening degree is increased, resulting in excessive fluid supply.
PS: Press frost - One reason: as above; two reasons: insufficient refrigerant charge would have been from the evaporator to the compressor on the end (Note: to be verified); three reasons: due to external causes the refrigerant in the evaporator evaporation evaporation even less, at this time would seriously frost, and even cause wet compression. (Such as lack of central air conditioning or air handling unit return air filters seriously blocked, press back to the tube chiller will host frost, the exhaust temperature is low)
3, the exhaust temperature is not normal - Impact factors: adiabatic index, compression ratio, suction temperature
Compressor discharge temperature from the exhaust pipe on the road read thermometer. It adiabatic exponent of refrigerant, the compression ratio (condensing pressure / evaporation pressure) and suction temperature. Suction temperature is higher, the greater the compression ratio, the higher exhaust temperature, and vice versa.
Constant suction pressure, discharge pressure increases, the exhaust gas temperature rise; if the same discharge pressure, suction pressure drops, the exhaust gas temperature also increased. Both cases are caused because the compression ratio increases. Condensing temperature and exhaust temperature is too high for the operation of the compressor is bad and should be prevented. Exhaust temperature is too high or even charring thinning oil coke, so that the deterioration of the compressor lubrication.
The level of exhaust gas temperature and compression ratio (condensing pressure / evaporation pressure) and suction temperature is proportional to. If the suction superheat high compression ratio, the exhaust temperature is also high. If the suction pressure and temperature change, when the exhaust pressure rises, the exhaust temperature increases.
The main reason causing the exhaust temperature are:
(I) suction temperature is high, the refrigerant vapor compressed by the exhaust gas temperature also higher.
(Z) condensing temperature, the condensation of high pressure there, causing the exhaust temperature.
(3) tablets were crushed exhaust valve, high pressure steam is compressed and the temperature rose again, the hot cylinder and cylinder head, exhaust pipe on the thermometer indicated value also increased.
The actual temperature of the exhaust factors: the middle of the cooling efficiency is low, or in excess of the cold heat exchanger inside the scale, the inspiration behind the class bound to the high temperature, exhaust temperature will rise. Valve leakage, piston ring leakage not only affect the exhaust temperature, but also make the inter-stage pressure changes, as long as the compression ratio is higher than normal will cause the exhaust temperature. In addition, water-cooled machine, water or both water shortage will exhaust temperature. Condensing pressure is not normal and the exhaust pressure is reduced.
4. Exhaust pressure is high - high pressure is mainly caused by condensation, rather than press their own reasons.
Discharge pressure and the condensing temperature is generally correspond to the level. Under normal circumstances, the compressor discharge pressure and condensing pressure is very close.
Condensing pressure increases, the compressor discharge temperature rise. Compressor compression ratio increases, the gas coefficient will decrease, thus reducing the compressors cooling capacity. Electricity consumption. If the exhaust temperature is too high, increase the consumption of the compressor oil, thinning the oil, affecting lubrication; when the exhaust temperature and compressor oil flash point close to, but also to accumulate in some oil and charcoal smoke, exhaust valve port of the valve seal.
Reduce the temperature of the cooling medium temperature drop can make condensation, condensing pressure to fall, but subject to environmental conditions, is difficult to artificial selection. Increase the cooling medium flow can be a little lower condensing temperature (and more using this method.) But can not unilaterally increase the flow of cooling water or air, as this will increase the cooling water pump or fan and motor power, should be fully taken into account.
Exhaust pressure is too high compression work will increase, gas coefficient decreased, so that the cooling efficiency decreased.
Produce the main reason for this failure:
(1) cooling water (or air) flow rates, temperatures are high;
(?) System with air, the condensing pressure rise;
(3) excessive refrigerant charge, liquid account for the effective condensation area;
(4) condenser disrepair, serious heat transfer surface dirt, condensation can also lead to increased pressure. The existence of the condensation pressure scale effects as well.
5, the exhaust pressure is too low - mainly the flow of refrigerant refrigeration system pipe caused by small or even stop.
Exhaust pressure is too low, although the phenomenon is manifested in the high end, but the causes are produced in low-pressure side. The reason:
(I) expansion valve blocked or dirty ice block, and filter plugging, etc., will bring the suction and discharge pressure are decreased;
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